Building material



Aug. 18, 1925. 1,550,310

A. C. FISCHER I BUILDING MATERIAL Filed Jan. 15. 1921 heats saturated.wz' Z71 sZozwdrymy adhesive.

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entrain ALBERT C. FISCHER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BUXLDING MATERIAL.

A plication, filed January 15, 1921. Serial No. 437,621.

citizen of the United States, residing in Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful improvementsin Building Materials, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to roofing material and methods of makingsame.

In applying roofing material to buildings, it has been common practiceto mount sheets of tar, paper, felt, or similar material on the roof andto use hot pitch, asphalt, or other plastic material for the purpose ofbinding together-said sheets. This process-is quite costly, inasmuch asthe plastic material must be heated on the job and as a generalproposition must be hauled from the ground to the roof which is beingmade, the procedure involving relatively large labor cost and more orless skilled artisans.

Thepresent invention has for one of its objects the provision of roofingmaterial which may be stored or transported in condition to be appliedto a roof without the necessity of applying hot plastic materialsthereto.

A further object is to provide roofing material having an adhesivesurface, which roofing material may be transported or stored for longperiods of time without deterioration. i

A further object is to provide roofing material which has adhesivematter applied thereto, the construction being such that two sheets ofroofing material may be applied face to face to one another, for storageor shipment, and may be readily separated without tearing or abradingthe roofing material.

A. further object is to provide roofing material having an adhesivesurface,said material'having the advantage that two sheets thereofplaced with their adhesive surfaces stored or shipped withoutdeterioration and.

face to face may be separated, the line ofmay be readily handled forapplication for roofing or waterproofing purposes.

The one figure of the drawing illustrates a sectional view of oneembodiment of the present invention.

The figure is diagrammatic and is presented merely for the purpose ofpresenting an example of the improved structure and is not to beconsidered in a limiting sense. The drawing illustrates two layers 1 and2 of roofing material, both of which may be saturated in the manner tobe referred to hereinafter. The numeral 3 indicates, on an exaggeratedscale, a layer of adhesive between the sheets 1 and 2.

The present invention may be carried out inanuinber of different waysand may take a great variety of forms, of which the following areillustrative.

Sheets of roofing material are provided, which may be tar paper, felt,or other preferred material and which will be referred to herein by thegeneral term of vehicle. Said vehicle may be saturated with a nondryingoil, such as cottonseed oil, rape-seed oil, castor oil, or other similaroil, in a treated or untreated form. Drying oils, such as soya bean orChina wood oil, preferably blown, may be used as the saturant; or dryingoils may be mixed with non-drying oils, such as linseed oil. Drying oilsmay be used for the reason that the application of $5 vadhesive theretoprevents access of air,

whereby drying is retarded to a practical extent. Said oil acts as awaterproofing filler for the vehicle. The saturated vehicle may thenhave applied thereto an adhesive, which may be of any preferred kind.The fact that the vehicle is saturated with the oil will prevent thedeep penetration of the adhesive into the body of the vehicle and at thesame time the oil will preventthe dry- 9 ing out of the adhesive,whereby said adhesive will continue for long periods of time in itsmastic state. If preferred, the saturant of the vehicle may be aslow-drying adhesive. Gilsonite or other more bituminous substances maybe used in varying proportions (for example, from 10 to 20 per cent)with a non-drying oil such as castor oil (90 to 80 per cent). If ablowncastor oil is used, the proportion may range as high 05 as per centof blown castor oil with 5 per cent of bitumen, gilsonite, Texas, orTrinidad. It may be necessary in some cases to heat under pressure inorder to secure union. It will be understood, of course, that thepercentages referred to are merely illustrative and will vary undervarying conditions. Other oils and other bituminous substances may beused, in. which cases the proportions will be subject to considerablevariation. For instance, 15 per cent of bitumen, 75 per cent of castoroil and 10 per cent of rape-seed oil may be united by gradualheating.The saturant may also be a combination of two or more of the followingsubstances: cottonseed oil, cotton-seed oil foots, or pitch, andsemi-liquid bituminous substances of various consistencies.

If preferred, the saturant may contain a large proportion of kerosene,or other distillate of higher volatile qualities, such as naptha orturpentine, which are solvent in their nature and which may be used incombination with rather dense adhesive material to form a union.

If preferred,- the vehicle may be coated with a dense waterproofingmastic coating, which may be of a bituminous or vegetable nature, andapplying to said coating a slowdrying adhesive; on, if preferred, anadhesive repellant, which in the course of time becomes adhesive, may beused, examples of such substances .being plain castor oil or silicate ofsoda. If two vehicles treated as described are placed face to face theymay be stored or shipped without deterioration, but may be readilyseparated when desired.

If preferred, the vehicle may be coated with a mixture of densewaterproofing mastic and a slow-drying adhesive. Without attempting toexplain the action of this combination, it is possible that theoozingout of the slow-drying adhesive develops a film which creates a plane ofcleavage between juxtaposed sheets.

In another aspect of the present invention, fibre may beincorporatedin-a dense waterproofing mastic, the combination being pressed into thinsheets and coated with a slow-drying adhesive; or the fibre, densewaterproofing mastic and slow-drying adhesive may be incorporatedtogether. The slow-drying adhesive should preferably be incorporatedwhen the dense mastic is in a relatively chilled state, for instance,about 125 degrees Fahrenheit.

The next step was to place decorative coatings, such as, crushed slate,slag, pebbles etc. on the weathering surface for both decorative andweather resisting purposes. 1. This invention relates first to saturantsfor vehicles forming roofing sheets, insulating papers, tapes, shinglesetc.

The vehicle may be saturated:

a. With a non-drying oil, such as, cotton seed oil, rapeseed oil, castoroil etc., acting as a mastic waterproofing filler of the vehicle. It mayalso form a slow junction with a coating of bituminous or vegetablematter fiuxed with oils that will unite with the vehicle filler or withmineral oils which will not unite with the vehicle saturant. Thetendency being to keep the coating in a thoroughly mastic state wherethe substances will unite and a pliable state where they will not unite.Castor oil may be used as the saturant where non-union with mineral oilsis preferred, the coating may be a high melting point bituminous orvegetable substance with mineral oils, or the coating may be anycombination or flux, mineral, vegetable or animal oils.

b. The saturant may be the combination of a bituminous substance and avegetable oil heated and combined at high temperature producing aviscous sa-turant. Gilsonite, Texas or other high melting bituminoussubstances may be used in varying proportions from 10 to 20 per cent,and a viscous oil, such as cast-or, where union with other oils is notdesirable 80 to per cent. If a blown castor oil is used the proportionsmay be as high as 5 per cent bitumin, 'gilsonite, Texas or Trinidad andper cent blown castor oil. It may be necessary in some cases to heatunder pressure in order to secure union.

0. Where union with other oils is desired this formula may be bitumin 15per cent, castor oil 7 5 per cent, rape oil 10 per cent, united bygradual heating. This formula .will unite with other mineral oils wherepresent.

d. This saturant may also be a single vegetable or bituminous adhesive,such as, cottonseed, Foots pitch or road oil, sludges and semi-liquid,bituminous substances of varying consistencies, such saturants, wheretreated with an overcoa-ting of a viscous vegetable or combinationvegetable and bituminous adhesive will be separable along the lines ofsuch coating.

6-. Drying oils, preferably blown, may be used as the saturant andcoated with any of Y the adhesive, bituminous orvegetable coatings, ordrying oils may be mixed with nondrying oilsa formula for the firstwould be blown soya bean or China wood oilthe second linseed and neatsfoot, castor etc., 50 per cent each or in varying quantities.

f. The saturant may bea mastic of 80 per cent kerosene and 20 per centbitumen,

the vehicle when saturated, coated with a viscous oil such as castor, ina combination which will not unite with mineral oils, or

other coating or saturant may be utilized.

Higher volatile oils may be used, as, naptha, turpentine, etc. The useof these saturants is especially suitable for roofing tapes and otherpurposes where a soft pliable body is desired.

low 80, but which might develop adhesiveness above that point, making itimpossible to separate the-sheets except for dusting or completelyspueezing out excess matters.

My invention relates to omitting the dust and coating this surface witha slow drying, tacky adhesive substance of a vegetable or bituminousnature, or combination of same, afterthecoatinghas become chilled, or aviscous, oily, adhesive repellent which later becomes tacky or adhesive.One ofthe formulas adapted for this purpose would be the commercialproduct on the market known as tree tangle foot, which has been on themarket for approximately fifteen years, and which-is compounded ofresin,

vegetable oils, non-drying oils and oth'er gummy substances; blowncastor, silicate of soda areadhesive repellents, yet when set developadhesiveness. Other coatings which ,will answer the same purpose aredescribed in my co-petition, filled as of this date, set ting-forthvarious formulas for this purpose.

The action of this coating is to remain inert, and while some of theoilmay be absorbed by the chilled coating, suflicient' will remain so'that the surface of the sheet or sheets may be readily separated after amates the' following period of months and used for various roofingpurposes. I

. 3. invention relates, thirdly, to the same saturated bases, with acoating on one or both sides of'a slow drying, tacky bituminous,vegetable or animal substance or combination of two or more, whichapproxi= specifications; or may. be more or lessfluidr. v c

(1) The consistency at 77 should be below '7.0.-

(2)" The susceptibility factor should be. as low as possible, preferablyunder 25.

(3). The-ductility at. 77 should be as high as possible and preferablyover centimeters.

(4) Fusing point by K 8;. be bet-ween 80 and 100 F.

. (5) It should appear tacky and adhesive at normal temperature, andretain this which ordinarily would not adhere method should property aslong as possible on exposure to air.

This formula is merely a standard. and other formulas more or less fluidmay be used with or without a suitable filler as a flow retarder, or theflow tendency may be stopped by using a non-flowing gummy substance incombination.

This adhesive material can be applied hot or cold, and if the surfaceswith this adhesive were brought in contact and placed in commercialpackages, the surfaces would be very difiicult to separate at some.temperatures. w

In order to facilitate such separation I coat-over these surfaces withan adhesive of oily content of the nature above described,

such case abrasion of the surface naturally takes place, which it doesnot do in the process first described.

4. By using a bituminous or vegetable having a melting point over1259,and heat: mg such bitum nous or vegetable matter so as to produce it ina melted state, allowing it to partially cool and then incorporating, insuch substance this adhesive insulator or gummy substance, so. thatmoreor less of this substance Works to the surface, and acts in the samemanner when separating: the sheets as in. No. 1 hereof.

It can readily be understood that this coatincan be applied on one orboth sides ofthe saturated sheets, and rolled without the addition of anextra coating, by reason of the substance'being incorporated in thebituminous or vegetable coating in acooling state and applied to thesurface under pressure of rolls used for that purpose.

The saturated vehicle may be coated witha compound formed by a mixtureof a bituminous substance, and vegetable combinations, such as, heavyroad oil, meeting the specifications before given and a mixture 10 partsresin, 8' parts blown castor.-

oil, 2 parts Venice turpentine, gum 1 parts. Two surfaces having thiscoating can be pulled apart after being placed in v juxtaposition. Manyother combinations are possible with the groups. shown in my co-pendingapplication. b

It will be understood thatthe' invention contemplates roofing material,the adhesiveness of which servesto hold said materialin place indistinction to other materials which substance, or combination of both,preferably 9 involve the use of pitch, or other material, mopped on atthe time of assembling the roof, for the purpose of holding the sheetsof roofing material in place. It will be understood that after twosheets of building material according to the present invention have beenseparated, the adhesive surface of one sheet will be placed in contactwith the non-adhesive surface of another sheet. The adhesive or masticwill cause a union with the non-adhesive surface to which it is applied,which union may be made very oil, may be used to bring the sheet backinto adhesive state.

What I wish to claim is:

1. A vehicle saturated with slow drying adhesive, said adhesive beingpresented at a surface of said vehicle.

2. Building material comprising juxtaposed sheets saturated with a slowdrying adhesive, said sheets being separated by a tacky, film of saidadhesive.

3. Building material comprising juxtaposed sheets saturated with a slowdrying F adhesive, said sheets being separated by a tacky film ofadhesive.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification on thistwelfth day of January A. D. 1921.

ALBERT C. FISCHER.

